【知识点】
冠状病毒(coronavirus)是一类主要引起呼吸道、肠道疾病(respiratory and intestinal diseases)的病原体。这类病毒颗粒的表面有许多规则排列的突起(a fringe of bulbous surface projections )，整个病毒颗粒就像一顶帝王的皇冠(royal crown)，因此得名“冠状病毒”。冠状病毒除人类以外，还可感染猪、牛、猫、犬、貂、骆驼、蝙蝠、老鼠、刺猬等多种哺乳动物以及多种鸟类(mammals and birds)。
【关于新型冠状病毒】
2019-nCoV，as it's been labelled，is understood to be a new strain of coronavirus that has not previously been identified in humans.
这种新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)此前未在人类身上发现过。
Coronaviruses are a broad family of viruses，but only six (the new one would make it seven) are known to infect people.
冠状病毒是一个庞大的病毒家族，目前已知会感染人类的有六种(新发现的这种是第七种)。
【相关词汇】
新型冠状病毒 novel coronavirus / new strain of coronavirus
呼吸道疾病 respiratory diseases
禽流感病毒 avian influenza virus
As we all know, now the H1N1 flu is quite serious and spreading rapidly. However, if we take good care of ourselves, we can protect us well from it. The simple ways are like these: 1。
密切接触者 close contacts
潜伏期 incubation period
疑似病例 suspected case
确诊病例 confirmed case
得肺炎 get/catch pneumonia
为了预防流感,英语作文100词as we all know,now the h1n1 flu is quite serious and spreading rapidly.however,if we take good care of ourselves,we can protect us well from it。
接受医学观察 under medical observation
流行病学调查 epidemiological investigation
病毒爆发 virus outbreak
遏制疫情爆发 contain the outbreak
严格隔离政策 strict isolation policy
携带病毒 carrying the virus
超级传染源 superspreader
医疗费用报销 reimbursement for medical expenses
中国大部分地区口罩供应紧张 tight supplies in large areas of China
人传人 human-to-human transmission
医务人员感染 infection of medical worker
【相关报道】
Scientists believe an animal source is &34; but that some human-to-human transmission has occurred.
科学家认为动物是“最有可能的初始感染源”，不过，也有一些人传人的病例。
Signs of infection include respiratory symptoms，fever，cough，shortness of breath and breathing difficulties.
感染症状包括：呼吸道症状，发烧，咳嗽，呼吸短促，呼吸困难等。
近期，湖北省武汉市等多个地区发生新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情。
【阅读理解】
how to prevent a cold many people have got a headache,cough because of cold.speaking of a cold,for us is not strange.in order to help people to prevent colds。
A new Chinese coronavirus，a cousin of the SARS virus，has infected more than 1000 people since the outbreak (爆发) began in Wuhan，China，in December. Scientist Leo Poon，who first decoded the virus，thinks it likely started in an animal and spread to humans.
&39;t respond to antibiotic(抗生素) treatment，which is not surprising，but then in terms of mortality (死亡率)，SARS kills 10% of the individuals，" Poon，a virologist(病毒学家) at the School of Public Health at The University of Hong Kong，said.
The World Health Organization offered guidance to countries on how they can prepare for it，including how to monitor for the sick and how to treat patients.
Here are seven things you should know about a coronavirus.
What is a coronavirus
Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses that are common among animals. In rare cases，预防流感的建议英语6条，they are what scientists call zoonotic[?z????n??t?k](人畜共患病)，meaning they can be transmitted from animals to humans，according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
我国卫生部长陈竺在联合国经济及社会理事会上指出：“我相信，用科学的卫生知识武装民众，人感染甲型H1N1流感这一疫情，应该是可防可控可治的。”他强调国际社会要加强合作，相互帮助，分享知识。
Coronavirus symptoms(症状)
The viruses can make people sick，usually with a mild(轻度) to moderate(中度) upper respiratory tract illness(上呼吸道疾病)，similar to a common cold. Coronavirus symptoms include a runny nose，关于感冒的建议英语作文，cough，sore throat，possibly a headache and maybe a fever，which can last for a couple of days.
As is well known, the A flu is spreading through the world. However, if we neglect it, the deadly A flu may cause more infectors, or even more deaths。
For those with a weakened immune system，the elderly and the very young，there's a chance the virus could cause a lower，and much more serious，预防流感英语作文60字，respiratory tract illness like a pneumonia or bronchitis [br???ka?t?s](支气管炎).
There are a handful of human coronaviruses that are known to be deadly.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome(中东呼吸综合征)，also known as the MERS virus，was first reported in the Middle East in 2012 and also causes respiratory problems，but those symptoms are much more severe. Three to four out of every 10 patients infected with MERS died，according to the CDC.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(严重急性呼吸综合征)，also known as SARS，is the other coronavirus that can cause more severe symptoms. First identified in the Guangdong province in southern China，预防感冒的英语作文，according to the WHO，it causes respiratory problems but can also cause diarrhea [?da???ri?](腹泻)，fatigue (疲劳)，shortness of breath，respiratory distress (呼吸窘迫) and kidney failure (肾衰). Depending on the patient's age，the death rate with SARS ranged from 0-50% of the cases，with older people being the most vulnerable.
How it spreads
Viruses can spread from human contact with animals. Scientists think MERS started in camels，according to the WHO. With SARS，scientists suspected civet cats (狸猫) were to blame.
When it comes to human-to-human transmission of the viruses，often it happens when someone comes into contact with the infected person's secretions [s??kri??(?)n](分泌物).
Depending on how virulent [?v?r?l?nt] (有毒的)the virus is，a cough，sneeze or handshake could cause exposure. The virus can also be transmitted by touching something an infected person has touched and then touching your mouth，nose or eyes. Caregivers (护理人员) can sometimes be exposed by handling a patient's waste，according to the CDC.
insisting on exercising three times a week can strengthen resistance.其次，好的生活习惯可以预防流感。例如，保持饮食平衡，在一日三餐中确保营养多样化。同时坚持每周锻炼身体三次可以加强抵抗力。Thirdly。
文章翻译
一种新的中国冠状病毒，是SARS病毒的一个堂兄弟，自去年12月在中国武汉爆发以来，已经感染了1000多人。科学家LeoPoon首先破译了这种病毒，他认为它很可能是从动物身上开始传播到人类身上的。香港大学医学院公共卫生学院的病毒学专家Poon说：“我们知道这会导致肺炎(PoT)，然后对抗生素治疗无效，这并不奇怪，但就死亡率而言，SARS杀死了10%的个体。” 世界卫生组织向各国提供了如何做好准备的指导，包括如何监测病人和如何治疗病人。
关于冠状病毒你应该知道七件事。
什么是冠状病毒
冠状病毒是一大类常见于动物的病毒。据美国疾病控制和预防中心称，在极少数情况下，它们是科学家所称的人畜共患疾病，也就是说它们可以从动物传染给人类。
冠状病毒症状
这种病毒能使人生病，通常是轻微(或中度)上呼吸道疾病，类似于普通感冒。冠状病毒的症状包括流鼻涕、咳嗽、喉咙痛，可能是头痛，也可能是发烧，持续几天。对于那些免疫系统弱的人，老年人和非常年轻的人来说，病毒有可能引起一种较低、更严重的呼吸道疾病，如肺炎或支气管炎。
有一些人类冠状病毒已知是致命的。
中东呼吸综合征(Middle East Respiratory Syndrome，简称MERS病毒)于2012年在中东首次报道，也会引起呼吸系统问题，但这些症状要严重得多。疾控中心称，每10名感染MERS的患者中就有3至4人死亡。
如何预防“甲型H1N1流感”？1、避免接触流感样或肺炎等呼吸道病人。2、注意个人卫生，肥皂和清水洗手，尤其在咳嗽后喷嚏后。3、出现咳嗽或接触呼吸道症状患者要戴口罩。4、避免接触生猪或前往有猪场的场所。
严重急性呼吸综合征(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome，简称SARS)是另一种能引起更严重症状的冠状病毒。据世卫组织称，首次发现于中国南方的广东省，它会引起呼吸系统问题，但也会引起腹泻、疲劳、呼吸急促、呼吸窘迫和肾衰竭。根据病人的年龄，SARS的死亡率在0-50%之间，其中老年人最易感染。
如何传播
病毒可以从人类与动物的接触中传播。据世界卫生组织称，科学家认为，MERS是从骆驼开始的。对于非典，科学家们怀疑是麝香猫引起的。当涉及到人与人之间的病毒传播时，通常发生在有人接触到受感染者的分泌物时。
根据病毒的毒力，咳嗽、打喷嚏或握手都可能导致暴露，预防流感的英文初二。这种病毒也可以通过触摸被感染者触摸过的东西，然后触摸你的嘴、鼻子或眼睛来传播。根据疾病预防控制中心(CDC)的说法，医务人员有时可以通过处理病人的废物来暴露自己。
评分原则:
1.本题总分为20分，按5个档次给分，预防流感的英语作文初二80字。
2.评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言质量初步确定其档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3.评分时应考虑:内容要点的完整性、上下文的连贯、词汇和句式的多样性及语言的准确性。
4.拼写、标点符号或书写影响内容表达时，预防感冒英语作文80字，应视其影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。
5.词数少于60， 从总分中减去1分。
一、
写作要求：
假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Amy来信询问有关武汉新型冠状病毒(novel coronavirus)的情况。
请你给Amy回信，内容包括：1. 新型冠状病毒简况;2. 应对措施;3. 是否有信心战胜病毒。
注意：
词数100左右;
可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
优秀范文：
Dear Amy。
It is so considerate of you to receive your letter inquiring about novel cononavirus in wuhan. I am writing to tell you about this.
Since the outbreak of an infectious disease in wuhan in December 2019，the Chinese government has decisively closed down the city to prevent the spread of the disease. At the same time，although cases have been found throughout the country，the Chinese people actively face it，together with wuhan to fight the epidemic.
At this particular time，we should go out as little as possible，isolated. If we go out，we must wear protective masks to prevent ourselves from getting infected. In addition，we should keep good healthy habits and keep our body clean.
As many Chinese say，“come on Wuhan".
Yours，Li Hua
亲爱的艾米。
How to prevent the flu 如何预防流感 These days,many people become sick,especially have the flu.Every year,when the season changes,the flu spreads quickly.But how to prevent the flu。
我很高兴收到你的来信，询问有关武汉新型冠状病毒的事情。在此我写信想告诉你这些。自2019年12月起武汉爆发传染性疫情以来，为了防止疫情恶行传播，中国政府已经果断封锁武汉。与此同时，虽然全国各地也陆续发现病例，但中国人民积极面对，与武汉共同抗疫。
在这特殊时刻，我们尽量少外出，自我隔离。如果外出，我们务必要戴好防护口罩，防止自己被感染。另外，我们应该保持良好的健康习惯，勤清洁。
正如很多中国人说的“武汉加油”，我们相信我们一定能战胜疫情!
你的李华
二、
写作要求：
2019年的冬天，一种新型冠状病毒(the pneumonia epidemic )在武汉华南海鲜市场滋生，悄然从野生动物传染给人类。据央视新闻客户端消息，截至2020年1月29日24时，我国已累计报告新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎确诊病例7711例，死亡170例。新型冠状病毒疫情在武汉早期确诊的病例，与武汉华南海鲜市场关系很密切，预防感冒英语作文带翻译初二。调查显示，此前在海鲜市场中有非法售卖野生动物现象。人类生存离不开野生动物，但现实生活中野生动物被捕食或作他用比比皆是。请根据以下表格写篇Protecting Wild Animals的英语作文。
素材要点：
I really want to say thanks to you because you not only teach ue a lot of knowledge, but also are concerned about us. I still remember that you worried about our health last spring。
描述问题
Let's prevent H1N1 from happening to usDuring the last few months,H1N1 ful has set off across the whole world.If we have the right way to prevent it ,it won't scare.Here are some suggestions for you。
野生动物数量下降，越来越多的野生动物濒危，甚至永久消失
分析问题
1.猎杀野生动物皮毛用以制作衣服，生态平衡遭破坏2.食用野生动物还容易引发传染病（epedemic），如SARS病毒、新冠状病毒等）
建议
1.建立自然保护区 2. 拒绝野味 3…
1.写作应包括表格及文字等各项内容。2.为使写作流畅，在不影响主题表达完整准确的前提下，允许必要的增减与发挥。3.词数100左右。
优秀范文：
Since the pneumonia epidemic broke out in Wuhan in December，the number of people infected and patients who have died keep climbing. It is reported that the epidemic has something to do with the killing and selling of wild animals at South China Seafood Market. With the decrease of wild animals，many animals are endangered. Worse still，some of them may disappear forever.
There is no doubt that hunting and killing wild animals has a bad influence. For wild animals are killed for their fur，which causes the imbalance of nature. For another，due to the contact between humans and wild animals，epidemics like SARS and pneumonia may infect humans easily.
As far as I am concerned，something must be done to stop this illegal action. First，Nature Reserves are supposed to be built so as to offer more living space to wildlife. Second，be aware that never have wild animals for food，as they are part of environment. Third，it is high timethat we raised people’s awareness to protect wildlife. In this way，we can build a harmonious society and ensure a sustainable development.
